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1660 destruction of Tiberias
The 1660 destruction of Tiberias〔''A Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine''. P.409. "Sultan Seliman surrounded it with a wall in 5300 (1540), and it commenced to revive a little, and to be inhabited by the most distinguished Jewish literati; but it was destroyed again in 5420 (1660)." ()〕 occurred during the Druze power struggle in the Galilee, in the same year as the destruction of Safed. The destruction of Tiberias by the Druze resulted in abandonment of the city by its Jewish community,〔Joel Rappel, History of Eretz Israel from Prehistory up to 1882 (1980), Vol.2, p.531. 'In 1662 Sabbathai Sevi arrived to Jerusalem. It was the time when the Jewish settlements of Galilee were destroyed by the Druze: Tiberias was completely desolate and only a few of former Safed residents had returned..."〕〔Barnay, Y. The Jews in Palestine in the eighteenth century: under the patronage of the Istanbul Committee of Officials for Palestine (University of Alabama Press 1992) ISBN 978-0-8173-0572-7 p. 149〕 until it was rebuilt by Zahir al-Umar in early eighteenth century. Altshuler however attributes the destruction of Tiberias in 1660 to an earthquake.〔Altshuler, M. ''The Messianic secret''. Chapter 8:The beginning of redemption in Galilee. (ヘブライ語:ספר - הסוד המשיחי) ()〕 The destruction could have also been a combination of both events.
==Tiberias in the sixteenth century==
As the Ottoman Empire expanded along the southern Mediterranean coast under sultan Selim I, the ''Reyes Católicos'' (Catholic Monarchs) began establishing Inquisition commissions. Many ''Conversos'', (''Marranos'' and ''Moriscos'') and Sephardi Jews fled to the Ottoman provinces, settling at first in Constantinople, Salonika, Sarajevo, Sofia and Anatolia. The Sultan encouraged them to settle in Palestine.〔Toby Green (2007) ''Inquisition; The Reign of Fear'' Macmillan Press ISBN 978-1-4050-8873-2 pp xv-xix〕〔(Alfassa.com ) Sephardic Contributions to the Development of the State of Israel, Shelomo Alfassá〕 In 1558, a Portuguese-born marrano, Doña Gracia, was granted tax collecting rights in Tiberias and its surrounding villages by Suleiman the Magnificent. She envisaged the town becoming a refuge for Jews and obtained a permit to establish Jewish autonomy there.〔Schaick, Tzvi. (Who is Dona Gracia? ), The House of Dona Gracia Museum.〕 In 1561 her nephew Joseph Nasi, Lord of Tiberias,〔Naomi E. Pasachoff, Robert J. Littman, ''A Concise History of the Jewish People'', Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005 , p.163〕 encouraged Jews to settle in Tiberias.〔Benjamin Lee Gordon, ''New Judea: Jewish Life in Modern Palestine and Egypt'', Manchester, New Hampshire, Ayer Publishing, 1977, p.209〕 Securing a ''firman'' from the Sultan, he and Joseph ben Adruth rebuilt the city walls and laid the groundwork for a textile (silk) industry, planting mulberry trees and urging craftsmen to move there.〔 In 1624, when the Sultan recognized Fakhr-al-Din II as Lord of Arabistan (from Aleppo to the borders of Egypt),〔(The Druze of the Levant )〕 the Druze leader made Tiberias his capital.
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